Table 2 Meta-analytic results for outcome variables

	Effect size (r)	95% CI Lower	95% CI Upper	s.e.	p	k	n	I²
Disengagement
Impairment	0.156	0.002	0.312	0.069	0.047	11	1,976	91.816
Goal reduction	0.128	−0.012	0.269	0.066	0.071	17	3,080	94.211
Wellbeing	−0.025	−0.088	0.039	0.032	0.439	67	11,732	93.024
Functioning	−0.055	−0.115	0.004	0.028	0.067	19	3,486	81.654
Illbeing	−0.118	−0.171	−0.065	0.027	<0.001	123	18,569	91.786
Goal progression	−0.128	−0.209	−0.048	0.040	0.002	41	6,039	89.969
Reengagement
Wellbeing	0.255	0.199	0.322	0.031	<0.001	65	6,400	93.629
Goal progression	0.100	−0.002	0.203	0.050	0.054	28	3,358	88.681
Functioning	0.097	−0.117	0.311	0.101	0.353	18	2,391	96.492
Goal reduction	0.040	−0.081	0.161	0.051	0.456	8	2,053	79.581
Impairment	−0.149	−0.308	0.008	0.072	0.060	12	2,107	92.182
Illbeing	−0.206	−0.252	−0.166	0.022	<0.001	104	12,617	81.492
Flexibility
Wellbeing	0.326	0.269	0.408	0.035	<0.001	99	47,005	98.291
Functioning	0.188	0.048	0.333	0.070	0.010	39	21,488	99.123
Goal progression	0.156	0.060	0.253	0.047	0.003	25	6,636	92.007
Goal reduction	−0.024	−0.456	0.407	0.155	0.884	5	880	97.085
Impairment	−0.144	−0.421	0.131	0.113	0.246	7	670	88.823
Illbeing	−0.266	−0.364	−0.182	0.045	<0.001	58	29,552	98.007

Significant two-sided meta-regression effects (p < 0.05) are highlighted. Effects are from independent analyses and not adjusted for multiple comparisons.

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