Extended Data Fig. 10: Surface Pourbaix diagram of LNO-La and NiO2|LNO-La.

a, Surface Pourbaix diagram of LNO-La with corresponding (2 × 2) structures as insets. Under OER conditions (U~1.68 V), LNO-La is fully covered with 4 OH* (1 ML) at the La-O-La bridge sites. b, Surface Pourbaix diagram of NiO2|LNO-La with corresponding structures as insets. Under OER conditions (U~1.68 V), the clean (full ML of O3c) surface (S5) and ¼ monolayer (ML) OH covered surface followed by (S6) are the most favorable.