Extended Data Fig. 7: Electro-thermal actuation of the PVDF/ZnO nanocomposites.
From: Electro-thermal actuation in percolative ferroelectric polymer nanocomposites
a, Strain of the PVDF/ZnO nanocomposites under various bipolar electric fields at 1 Hz. Error bars represent the standard deviation of the mean obtained from at least three measurements using different samples. b-h, Strain-electric field loops of the PVDF/ZnO nanocomposites with the ZnO content of 0 vol% (b), 2.1 vol% (c), 4.3 vol% (d), 9.3 vol% (e), 12.0 vol% (f), 14.9 vol% (g) and 21.4 vol% (h) under various bipolar electric fields at 1 Hz.
