Fig. 4: Results of PL-VIPER in FAPbBr3 and VIPER dynamics.

a, PL-VIPER map for FAPbBr3. b, Kinetics of the PL-VIPER and PC-VIPER signals at 1,720 cm−1; the population relaxation (T1) and dephasing (T2) times are shown for comparison. The instrument response function (IRF) in b was estimated from a Gaussian fit of the non-resonant response of CsPbBr3.