Extended Data Fig. 8: Simulated dynamical evolution of polarization and polarization vorticity during the vortex supercrystal formation.
From: Non-equilibrium pathways to emergent polar supertextures
a. Spatiotemporal snapshots of polarization and polarization vorticity evolving inside the DPFM simulated volumes containing two PTO layers and two STO layers. The L- and V- phases are observed at 5 ns, and VSC phase is observed at 50 ns. b. The spatially averaged polarization components on extended timescales from DPFM simulations show the abrupt reduction of Pz and Py polarization components on a few ps timescale. The Pz recovery starts after 3 ns, while the Py recovery initiates after 10 ns and correlates with the nucleation and growth of VSC.
