Extended Data Fig. 2: Construction of the in-plane (IP) piezoresponse vector map.
From: Skyrmion nanodomains in ferroelectric–antiferroelectric solid solutions
a, Schematic of the LPFM measurement. LPFM detects the torsional motion of the cantilever to sense the IP oscillations of the underneath sample. b, The amplitude and phase signals of the fitting curve, which determine the amplitude and direction of the IP piezoresponse vector. LPFM real part signal was collected experimentally as a function of tip orientation angle φ and then the amplitude and the phase delay were determined by trigonometric curve fitting. c, IP piezoresponse vector map for a center-convergent dipole textures in the PTSx=0.25 solid solution. d, The trigonometric curve fitting for four representative points that are denoted as red spots in (c).
