Extended Data Fig. 9: TRACE-printed centimeter-scale constructs with various collagen bioinks and the comparison with their original CAD designs.
From: Instant assembly of collagen for tissue engineering and bioprinting
(a) Heart design printed with neutralized, 2 mg/mL acellular collagen ink. (b) Heart design printed with acidic, 6 mg/mL acellular collagen ink. (c) Stomach design printed with acidic, 6 mg/mL acellular collagen ink. (d) 3D artery tree printed with HUVECs in 2 mg/mL neutral collagen. (e) Whole kidney design printed with HepG2 cells in 2 mg/mL neutral collagen. (f) A half kidney (cut plane indicated by the red dotted line in (e)) printed using the same cellular bioink showcasing the internal structures. Daily fluorescent imaging demonstrates that the construct is bioactive and undergoes tissue compaction without compromising its original design. The HepG2 cell line was chosen for its ease of expansion and cost-effectiveness, making it suitable for proof-of-concept studies. Scale bars, 1 cm.
