Extended Data Fig. 1: Retardation effect caused by spatial variations and optimization using air flows.
From: Direct integration of optoelectronic arrays with arbitrary non-developable structures
a, Schematic illustration of the retardation effect caused by the residual evaporating gas. b–d, Demonstrations of the retardation effect by simulating different exposure rooms for the crystallization of the PbI2 solutions in (b) an open environment, (c) a limited large room and (d) a limited small room. e, f, Morphologies of the film crystallizing at the outer and inner surfaces of a hollow hemisphere under (e) natural conditions and (f) continuous air flow.
