Extended Data Fig. 1: Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matrix of 16S rDNA amplicon data.

Dashed lines show the level of truncation. Sample names are composed of the date and the first letter of the sampling site (P – pond, S – stream). Samples from the pond are depicted in blue, samples from the stream in orange, samples collected during EREs are shown in red. a, AHC of pond samples. Coloured background areas highlight clusters, which defined four phases of the succession cycle: violet – ‘K’ conservation phase, orange – ‘Ω’ release phase, light green – ‘α’ reorganization phase, and aquamarine – ‘r’ exploitation phase. b, AHC of stream samples. c AHC of all stream and pond samples.