Fig. 1: Local and systemic adverse events by dose group and age cohort.

a,b, Severity of solicited local and systemic reactions in the adult cohort (18–55 yr old) (a) and the elderly cohort (56–75 yr old) (b). Data on local and systemic reactions were collected using paper diaries for 7 d after each vaccination. Injection-site (local) reactions were: pain at injection site (mild: does not interfere with activity; moderate: interferes with activity; severe: prevents daily activity; and grade 4: emergency room visit or hospitalization), redness and swelling (mild: 2.5–5.0 cm in diameter; moderate: 5.1–10.0 cm in diameter; severe: >10.0 cm in diameter; and grade 4: necrosis or exfoliative dermatitis). Solicited systemic events were: fever (mild: 38.0–38.4 °C; moderate: 38.5–38.9 °C; severe: 39.0–40.0 °C; and grade 4: >40.0 °C), chills, headache, fatigue, myalgia and arthralgia (all were graded as mild and did not interfere with the daily activities of the participants), moderate (interferes with daily activities), severe (prevents daily activities) or grade 4 (led to an emergency department visit or hospitalization). The numbers above the bars show the overall percentage of the participants in each group who reported the specified systemic event.