Extended Data Fig. 3: Two-dimensional-HSQC-NMR data for unautoclaved controls compared with uninoculated, autoclaved controls.

The features in lignin shift during the process of sterilizing the growth medium, but these changes are markedly different from changes induced by fungi. Unautoclaved controls are shown in panel A for sorghum, panel B for switchgrass, and panel C for poplar. Uninoculated, autoclaved controls are shown in panel D for sorghum, panel E for switchgrass, and panel F for poplar. In sorghum and switchgrass, S:G ratios increased in the autoclave versus decreasing during fungal treatment. In poplar, the S:G ratio decreased after autoclaving versus increasing in cultures treated with anaerobic fungi. All integration percentages depicted here are calculated on a ΣSG basis.