Extended Data Fig. 6: Application of trehalose contributes to growth and infection of pathogens.

a, Trehalose can be used as nutritional source and contributes to three fungal pathogens growth and development. These fungi were cultured on Charlie solid medium without sucrose. b, Effect of trehalose concentration on lesion size and disease development in etiolated HC6 seedlings. H₂O treated seedlings as control. c, Statistical analysis of lesion length and relative biomass data quantified in b. n = 3 (Relative biomass) and n = 7 (Lesion length) biologically independent seedlings for each treatment. d, Statistical analysis of lesion length quantified in Fig. 4e. n = 30 biologically independent seedlings for each treatment. e, g, Exogenous application of 1% trehalose markedly increased the development of disease symptoms in soybean (e) leaves upon P. sojae inoculation and Arabidopsis (g) leaves upon P. parasitica inoculation, respectively. f, h, Statistics analysis of lesion length and relative biomass data shown in (e, g). n = 3 (Relative biomass) and n = 10 (Lesion length) biologically independent leaves for each treatment in f and h. Different letters indicate significantly different groups in c (P < 0.01, Duncan’s multiple range test), and in f–h (P < 0.01, unpaired Student’s t test, two-tailed). Data of Relative biomass in c, f and h represent mean ± s.e.m. In c, d, f and h, boxplot centre lines show median value; upper and lower bounds show the 25th and 75th quantile, respectively; upper and lower whiskers show the largest and smallest values, respectively. Experiments were repeated twice with similar results.