Extended Data Fig. 4: Truncation of pfap2-p deregulates malaria pathogenesis-associated genes.

a, Expression at 16 h.p.i. of members of the gene families: rifin, stevor and Pfmc-2tm that encode antigenically variant proteins. b, Gene-ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of all genes down-regulated in rapamycin-treated compared with control parasites at 40 h.p.i. Shown is the number of genes down-regulated in treated parasites out of the total number of genes assigned to that specific GO term. c, Heatmap of the expression of all known and putative P. falciparum kinases downregulated following rapamycin treatment compared to controls, at 40 h.p.i. d, Violin plots of all surfin, rifin, stevor and pfmc-2tm expression per cell in treated [RAPA (+)] and control [RAPA (−)] parasites at 16 h.p.i. Violin plot shows the median, Q1–Q3 (box), distribution of values (violin). n = 3,992, 2,747, 3,629 and 3,591 for 16 and 40 h.p.i. control and RAPA-treated cells respectively. The P-values were calculated using unpaired two-samples Mann Whitney Wilcoxon Test (two-sided) with continuity correction was used. e, FACS gating strategy for surface PfEMP1 expression detected by IgG binding from pooled serum of malaria-infected individuals. Cells were incubated either without (HS-) or with (HS+) pooled serum from malaria-infected individuals. The percentage of Human IgG+ iRBCs is the mean of three biological replicates. A total of 7,500 Sybr green positive events (iRBCs) per sample were analyzed.