Extended Data Fig. 9: Sensitivity analysis of the association between placental GBS and cord cytokine levels.

In this analysis, GBS positives were defined as placental samples with one or more of the following: GBS identified by the 16S PCR-qPCR assay, GBS read identified by deep sequencing, or GBS 16S amplicons >0.1% of all reads (as compared to >1% in primary analysis). Cytokine levels were measured in 145 cord serum samples from term pregnancies with GBS positive (n = 16) and negative (n = 129) placentas, using the Ella platform (Bio-Techne). Cytokine levels are expressed as the multiple of the median (MoM) of control samples analysed in the same batch. For graphical purposes, samples with MoM=0 for interleukin-1β (n = 27) have been plotted using a value of MoM=0.0126 (the lowest MoM in the dataset). GBS negative controls are defined as pregnancies with GBS negative placentas on all tests completed and with babies not requiring NNU admission. The dotted line represents an elevation of MoM >10. IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-8, interleukin-8; TNF-α, Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha.