Fig. 4: Effects of FVT on immune activation and inflammation.
From: The gut virome is associated with stress-induced changes in behaviour and immune responses in mice
Blood immune cell populations were assessed by flow cytometry after 16 d of chronic social defeat. a, There was a restoration effect of relative LY6Chi monocytes that were reduced by stress and recovered by FVT (restoration effect P < 0.01, BH-FDR-adjusted P value q = 0.030, t(26) = −2.867, Tukey’s pairwise comparisons P < 0.05, P = 0.106, respectively; Ctr n = 10, Ctr Stress n = 10, FVT Stress n = 9). b, There was a restoration effect of relative neutrophils that were reduced by stress and improved by FVT (P < 0.01, q = 0.030, t(25) = −2.788, P < 0.05, P = 0.231; Ctr n = 10, Ctr Stress n = 9, FVT Stress n = 9). c, There was a restoration effect of LY6Chi monocytes carrying CD62-ligand that were not affected by stress but were strongly increased by FVT (P < 0.05, q = 0.030, t(26) = −3.18, P = 0.845, P < 0.001; Ctr n = 10, Ctr Stress n = 10, FVT Stress n = 9). d, Inflammatory cytokines were measured in plasma where there was a restoration effect for plasma IP-10 increased by stress and reduced by FVT (P < 0.05, q = 0.075, t(23) = 2.828, P = 0.054, P = 0.070; Ctr n = 9, Ctr Stress n = 10, FVT Stress n = 7). Inflammatory cytokines were also measured in unstimulated splenocyte culture supernatants and cultures that were stimulated with ConA or LPS. e,f, There were restoration effects for unstimulated splenocyte culture inflammatory cytokines of TNF-α (P < 0.05, q = 0.075, t(23) = 2.68, P = 0.086, P = 0.056; Ctr n = 9, Ctr Stress n = 8, FVT Stress n = 9), IL-12/IL-23p40 (P < 0.05, q = 0.075, t(24) = 2.634, P = 0.079, P = 0.068; Ctr n = 10, Ctr Stress n = 8, FVT Stress n = 9) and IL-6 (P < 0.05, q = 0.010, t(22) = 2.328, P = 0.162, P = 0.091; Ctr n = 9, Ctr Stress n = 6, FVT Stress n = 9) (e); and for IL-6 ConA stimulation of splenocytes (f) (P < 0.05, q = 0.076, t(24) = 2.517, P = 0.24, P < 0.05; Ctr n = 10, Ctr Stress n = 8, FVT Stress n = 9). In a–f, the restoration effect was measured using planned orthogonal contrast followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (two-sided pairwise comparisons of Ctr–Ctr Stress and Ctr Stress–FVT Stress) and BH-FDR adjustment. Data are presented in the following order: P = restoration effect measured by orthogonal contrast; q = BH-FDR-adjusted P value; P = Tukey’s post hoc test. Tukey’s pairwise post hoc P values were calculated for Ctr–Ctr Stress and Ctr Stress–FVT Stress. Data presented as boxplots display the minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile and maximum. Significant effects are denoted by: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, †q < 0.2.
