Retraction to: Nature Microbiology https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.203, published online 7 November 2016.

The Editors have retracted this article. The article cites approval from an institutional ethics committee in France, but it also reports the analysis of samples collected from individuals in several other countries. The authors were not able to provide documentation of approval from appropriate ethics committees in each of these additional countries, or of compliance with local regulations regarding the use of such samples in research.

Jônatas Abrahão agrees with this retraction. Jean-Christophe Lagier, Matthieu Million, Bernard La Scola, Gregory Dubourg, Maryam Tidjani Alou, Gaël Mourembou, Sory Ibrahima Traore, Cheikh Sokhna, Camille Valles, Anthony Levasseur, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Jean Marc Rolain, Sara Bellali, Elodie Guilhot, Ndeye Mery Dia Badiane, Aurelia Caputo, Saber Khelaifia, Esam Ibraheem Azhar, Fehmida Bibi, and Muhammad Yasir disagree with this retraction. Didier Raoult did not explicitly state whether they agree or disagree with this retraction. The remaining authors did not respond to correspondence from the Publisher about this retraction.