Extended Data Fig. 1: Morphology of antibiotic-treated B. pertussis.

Representative images of B. pertussis culture 24 h after treatment with ciprofloxacin or medium only (untreated) (a); this experiment was carried out 3 times with similar results. Representative images of B. pertussis culture 24 h after treatment with levofloxacin, chloramphenicol or medium only (untreated) (b). This experiment was carried out twice with similar results. Bacteria were fixed with PFA and stained with DAPI (nuclei-blue) and FM™ 4-64 dye (cell membrane of bacteria-red). Scale bar 5 µM.