Extended Data Fig. 2: Genetic variation and base composition in HeV-g1 from different hosts.

(a) sequences from all hosts, (b) sequences from human, (c) sequences from horse, and (d) sequences from bat. The genome organization of HeV-g1 and the relative position of each gene are shown at the top of right and left panels. The genetic variation in the HeV-g1 genome was determined by plotting the average nucleotide identity of 100 bases using a sliding window in steps of 5 bases (left y axis, colored brown, horizontal dashed line represents average nucleotide identity) across the genome (x axis). Genome base composition also was plotted using a sliding window that calculated the average GC content over 100 bases in steps of 5 bases (right y axis, colored blue, horizontal dashed line represents average GC content). (e) Distribution of HeV-g1 genome percent identity across host species. Boxplots show the distribution of genome-wide percent identity values calculated in sliding 100-nt windows for HeV sequences derived from humans (n = 2), horses (n = 19) and bats (n = 52). Each box represents the interquartile range (IQR) with the horizontal line indicating the median. Whiskers extend to 1.5 × IQR, and individual data points (jittered for visibility) represent individual sliding-window values. Colors indicate host species. Percent identity significance among hosts was determine using a non-parametric two-sided Kruskal–Wallis test followed by pairwise two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test to identify which pairs differed significantly. P values for comparisons of HeV genomes between hosts are indicated: **** <0.0001 and ns = not significant. Bat-derived genomes displayed significantly lower percent identity compared with horse and human genomes (P < 0.0001), whereas identities did not differ significantly between horse and human isolates (P = 0.882).