Retraction Note: Nature Microbiology https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-025-01985-x, published online 18 April 2025.

The authors have retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding repetitive values in the source data provided for Fig. 1d and e. The authors have re-examined the data and determined that the data consistency was too high for these results to originate from different samples.

The authors intend to obtain independent validation of the data and submit a revised manuscript for peer review in due course.

All authors agree with this retraction.