Extended Data Fig. 4: Isotope labelling experiments.

a, Time course of the gas production of CNP-f (2.5 mg) in a D2O solution containing 0.1 M ascorbic acid (20 mL). The reactions were carried out under visible illumination (300 W Xe light source, λ > 420 nm) with side-illumination through a quartz window. Percentage of gas products were measured by mass spectrometry. b, Isotopic 18O2 labelling experiments with 18O2 in photocatalytic H2O2 production irradiated by 300 W Xe lamp fitted with a λ > 420 nm filter using 50 mg of the CNP-s in 18O2 environment. The signal of 16O2 was from air during GC-MS injection.