Fig. 1: Design of SynBioNFs as a reagent for disease detection.

a,b, Generation (a) and universal application (b) of SynBioNFs in the detection of SCV2 on diagnostic platforms including SERS, fluorescence, electrochemical and naked-eye lateral flow platforms. The following capture and/or detection SynBioNFs pairings were used: capture SynBioNFs (W25–MatterTag) and detection SynBioNFs (Sb68–SpyTag) on the SERS platform; capture SynBioNFs (Sb68–MatterTag) and detection SynBioNFs (Nb21–StrepTag) on the fluorescent platform; capture SynBioNFs (Sb68–MatterTag) on gold electrodes for electrochemical detection; and SynBioNFs (Nb21–SpyTag) conjugated with SpyCatcher-coated spherical gold particles used as the detection reagents for LFA.