Extended Data Fig. 6: SHE with currents biased along the short axis.

MCD images at 6 K (a) and 1.6 K (b) under varying bias currents. The bias current is along the short axis near one end of the Hall bar. The current is confined to a small region near the tip of the electrodes. Opposite magnetizations are observed on two sides of the current and the magnitude increases with increasing bias current. The current path, identified from zero MCD, deviates from a straight line due to sample inhomogeneities. Spontaneous MCD is also observed at 1.6 K under zero bias. The spontaneous MCD is quenched beyond the QAH breakdown. The 1.6 K and 6 K MCD images are nearly identical under high bias.