Extended Data Fig. 3: Localized nature of P2D.

a, STM topography of a typical 2×2 Cs reconstruction. b, Waterfall (left) and intensity plot (right) of a dI/dV linecut along the dots and red arrow in (a), showing that the resonance peak P2D is localized at each Cs atom of 2×2 Cs ordered surfaces. Vset = 100 mV, It = 1 nA, Vmod = 0.5 mV. c, The dI/dV spectra obtained on (red) and off (yellow) a vacancy in the 2×2 Cs triangle (inset STM topography), respectively, showing that P2D is significantly suppressed at the vacancy site while the Δ2D show little changes. Vset = 50 mV, It = 1.5 nA, Vmod = 0.15 mV.