Fig. 3: Microwave detection of propagating magnons.
From: Moving Abrikosov vortex lattices generate sub-40-nm magnons
a, Normalized detected magnon frequency spectra for a series of magnetic field and current values. b, Normalized detected spin-wave signal versus frequency and magnetic field value. The open circles show the washboard frequency of the vortex lattice, fVL = vVL/aVL, as deduced at the centre of the voltage step from the I–V curves. The solid line shows the spin-wave frequency fSW at the magnon generation condition, as deduced from the micromagnetic simulations. c, Vortex velocity vVL (symbols) deduced at the centre of the voltage step in the I–V curves in comparison with the phase velocity of magnons vSW (solid line) at the magnon generation condition, as deduced from the micromagnetic simulations. d, Normalized step voltage Vm (symbols), as deduced from the I–V curves, in comparison with the Shapiro step voltage given by \(V/({\varPhi}_{0}fN)=1\) (dashed line). e, Flux-flow instability velocity \(v^{*}\) as a function of the magnetic field value for the bare Nb–C strip (solid symbols) and the Nb–C/Co–Fe hybrid structure (open symbols). In b–e, the error bars are the s.e.m.
