Extended Data Fig. 8: EL characteristics and efficiency statistics of spin-coated and nanoimprinted green nano-QLEDs with varying pixel sizes and PPIs.

a-c, EL spectrum (a), J-V-L (b), and EQE-L-CE (c) characteristics of green QLEDs fabricated by spin coating. Inset: Optical image of the electroluminescence emission. Three representative devices were tested, all exhibiting peak EQEs exceeding 15%, with values of 16.6%, 16.2%, and 15.7%, respectively, indicating excellent device stability and reproducibility. d-f, EL spectrum (d), J-V-L (e), and EQE-L-CE (f) characteristics of green nano-QLEDs (42,333 PPI). Inset: Optical image of the electroluminescence emission. Three representative devices were tested, all exhibiting peak EQEs exceeding 13%, with values of 13.9%, 13.8%, and 13.3%, respectively, indicating minimal efficiency reduction. g-i, EL spectrum (g), J-V-L (h), and EQE-L-CE (i) characteristics of green nano-QLEDs (84,667 PPI). Inset: Optical image of the electroluminescence emission. Three representative devices were tested, all exhibiting peak EQEs exceeding 12%, with values of 13.1%, 12.3%, and 12.1%, respectively, indicating minimal efficiency reduction. j-l, EL spectrum (j), J-V-L (k), and EQE-L-CE (l) characteristics of green nano-QLEDs (169,333 PPI). Inset: Optical image of the electroluminescence emission. Three representative devices were tested, all exhibiting peak EQEs exceeding 10%, with values of 11.0%, 10.4%, and 10.0%, respectively, indicating minimal efficiency reduction.