Extended Data Fig. 3: Quantification of FoxA1-mediated DNA condensation.

a, Global cross-correlation between FoxA1 and DNA reveals FoxA1-mediated DNA condensation. Left, representative fluorescent time-averaged projections of DNA and FoxA1 at two different end-to-end distances. Integrating both the DNA and FoxA1 signals along the axis orthogonal to the long axis of the strand gave rise to line profiles, which we normalized and then plotted as a function of distance (DNA in black and FoxA1 in orange). We then computed the zero-lag cross-correlation coefficient defined as ‘Correlation’ (see Methods). b, DNA envelope width measure measures the transverse fluctuation of non-condensed DNA. Top box: DNA alone condition. Bottom box: DNA + FoxA1 condition. For both conditions, we display representative fluorescent images of single frames and time-averaged projections of the DNA and FoxA1 signals. The white dashed line represents the maximum width of the DNA signal along the orthogonal axis of the non-condensed DNA. The black dots in the profile represent the background-subtracted points from the white dashed line, and the black line represents a Gaussian fit. The DNA envelope width was defined as \(\sqrt 2 \sigma\), where σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian fit. c, Three representative examples of FoxA1-mediated zipping. These images are time-averaged projections of both FoxA1 and DNA.