Extended Data Fig. 7: Cell contractility and mechanics underlie topological morphogenesis.
From: Topological morphogenesis of neuroepithelial organoids
a, Workflow of experiment to test the role of cell contractility in organoid morphogenesis. Organoids were treated with 250 nM retinoic acid (RA) or with 20 μM of Y-27632, a small molecular inhibitor for ROCK kinase during Day 2 to Day 4. Organoid morphologies were scored at Day 4. b, Representative examples of Day 4 organoids treated with RA or Y-27632. Images show maximum intensity projections of PODXL immunofluorescence signal. Organoid outer boundary (magenta) and apical surfaces (green) are shown for the corresponding sample. c, Measurement of epithelial cell height based on the distance between the apical surfaces and the outer organoid boundary. d, Topology of organoids. e, Shape of organoids. Parametric curves for the wiffle ball (4 passages, d/R = 0.15, dashed line) and spherocylinders (solid line) serve as guides for the shape diagram. Errorbar indicates 95% confidence interval from n=12, 18, 9 organoids for the untreated, +RA, +Y27632 conditions, respectively. Scale bar, 100 μm.
