Fig. 3: Leakage population during surface-code execution. | Nature Physics

Fig. 3: Leakage population during surface-code execution.

From: Overcoming leakage in quantum error correction

Fig. 3: Leakage population during surface-code execution.

a, Average leakage populations for data qubits (squares) and measure qubits (circles) measured at the end of each surface-code cycle with No Reset (red), MLR (green) and DQLR (blue). Error bars correspond to 1 standard deviation. b, Top, The surface-code circuit shown for a pair of neighbouring measure and data qubits. Each surface-code cycle is highlighted (rounded black rectangles). Bottom, A single surface-code cycle showing each moment in the cycle, each separated by grey dashed lines. c, Leakage populations after each moment in the cycle for the MLR (green) and DQLR (blue) leakage removal strategies, averaged over data qubits (squares) and measure qubits (circles) and over cycles 25–30. Error bars correspond to 1 standard deviation. Avg, average.

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