Fig. 3: Time evolution for 2D-QED with matter.
From: Simulating two-dimensional lattice gauge theories on a qudit quantum computer
Expectation values of the particle number density ν and plaquette operator \(\langle \hat{\square }\rangle\) for Ω = 5, m = 0.1 and g−2 = 10−1.4 as a function of time t expressed in units of Ω. We show the numerical values for NT = 1 (dotted) and NT = 10 (dashed) Trotter steps, with the solid line representing the exact evolution. Experimental data for NT = 1 (squares) are presented with error bars indicating one standard deviation of statistical uncertainty from Monte Carlo resampling around the measured value, averaged over 150 repetitions. The data were obtained by post-selection on the zero magnetization subsector on the matter sites. Insets, examples of the dominant states at different times of the evolution.
