Fig. 5: Controllable prethermal heating rate.
a, Dependence of heating rate Γe − Γ0 (Γ0 = Γe∣ε=0) on deviation ε = γ − π for monopole (n = 0, green circles) and Thue–Morse (n = ∞, pink triangles) sequences; the dashed line indicates the ∝ε2 power law predicted by numerical simulations (Supplementary Fig. 5). b, Heating rate Γe against period T, as the deviation ε is simultaneously changed linearly in the period ε = BT to keep the ratio ε/JT fixed. We choose B/(Jπ) ≈ 5.9 × 10−4, and the other parameters are the same as those in a; the dashed line indicates the ∝T1 power law predicted by simulations. The non-equilibrium heating processes are systematically suppressed with decreasing deviation ε and period Nτ, across the entire family of multipole orders (Supplementary Fig. 9 shows the data for n = 1, 2). Experimental 0-RMD data are averaged over 20 drive realizations. The experimental data are consistent with power-law suppression of heating as ∝ε2 and ∝T, as predicted in the dephasing limit (Supplementary Section 2D).
