Fig. 1: Non-local detection and tuning of p–h composition in a YSR quantum projection.

Sketch of the p and h components of the YSR quantum projection (QP; blue and red waves at energies +E_β and −E_β, respectively) located at the surface and extended throughout a quantum corral (QC) of Ag atoms (grey spheres) on a proximity SC Ag island with Cooper pairs (CP; grey box). The YSR quantum projection is induced by the p and h components of the YSR state (blue and red maxima at energies +E_β and −E_β, respectively) localized in the bulk of the Ag island close to the Fe atom (orange sphere). It is created by a weak, indirect coupling between the YSR state and the quantum corral eigenmode via the proximitized Ag island (dashed arrows), whereas the direct coupling is negligible (see the justification in the main text and Supplementary Note 3). Consequently, the YSR state can be non-locally detected using the STM tip. The p–h composition of the quantum projection can be tuned between inverted (left panel; p > h) with respect to that of the native YSR state (p < h) and non-inverted (right panel; p < h) by adjusting the quantum corral geometry, for example, its lengths (L_x and \({L}_{x}^{{\prime} }\)).