Table 1 Studies reporting proportion of patients with COVID-19 with gastrointestinal symptoms
From: Potential intestinal infection and faecal–oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Study | Region | Time | Total number of patients | Gastrointestinal symptom | Point at which symptoms were reported | Gastrointestinal symptoms and disease severity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Studies in adults | ||||||
Lin et al.25 | Zhuhai, China | 17 Jan to 15 Feb 2020 | 95 | Diarrhoea 5.3%; nausea 3.2%; anorexia 5.3%; acid reflux 1.1% | On admission | No statistically significant difference in the clinical outcomes (remained in hospital, discharged or died) |
Diarrhoea 18.9%; nausea 14.7%; vomiting 4.2%; anorexia 12.6%; acid reflux 1.1%; epigastric discomfort 2.1% | During hospitalization | |||||
Papa et al.27,a | Rome, Italy | 15 Mar to 14 Apr 2020 | 34 | Any gastrointestinal symptoms 8.8% | On admission | Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with reduced mortality |
Any gastrointestinal symptoms 32.3% | During hospitalization | |||||
Jin et al.23 | Zhejiang, China | 17 Jan to 8 Feb 2020 | 651 | Diarrhoea 8.6%; vomiting 2.15%; nausea 2.0% | On admission | Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with severe disease |
Zhou et al.16 | Wuhan, China | 29 Dec 2019 to 31 Jan 2020 | 191 | Diarrhoea 5%; nausea or vomiting 4% | On admission | No statistically significant difference in mortality |
Chen et al.24,a | Baltimore, USA | 9 Mar to 15 Apr 2020 | 101 | Diarrhoea 50%; nausea 30%; vomiting 14%; abdominal pain 26%; anorexia 53%; haematochezia 1% | On admission | No correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and increased hospitalization rate or ICU care needs |
Ferm et al.17 | New York, USA | 14 Mar to 1 Apr 2020 | 892 | Diarrhoea 9.8%; nausea 16.6%; vomiting 10.2%; loss of taste 2.4%; loss of appetite 11.8%; abdominal pain 7.8% | On admission | No difference in ICU admission, length of stay, or mortality |
Remes-Troche et al.20 | Veracruz, Mexico | 1 Apr to 5 May 2020 | 112 | Diarrhoea 7.8%; vomiting 7.1%; abdominal pain 9.8% | On admission | No statistically significant difference in disease severity |
Redd et al.22 | Massachusetts, USA | Until 2 Apr 2020 | 318 | Diarrhoea 33.7%; nausea 26.4%; vomiting 15.4%; abdominal pain 14.5%; anorexia 34.8%; constipation 0.94%; melena 0.63%; reflux 0.63%; dysphagia 0.31%; odynophagia 0.31%; haematochezia 0.31% | During hospitalization | No correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and disease severity |
Wan et al.28 | China | 19 Jan to 6 Mar 2020 | 232 | Diarrhoea 21%; abdominal pain 1%; bloody stool 4% | During hospitalization | Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with severe symptoms of pneumonia |
Díaz et al.18 | Chile | Until 11 Apr 2020 | 7,016 | Diarrhoea 7.3%; abdominal pain 3.7% | No distinction made | Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with a higher risk of hospitalization |
Cholankeril et al.29 | California, USA | 4 Mar to 24 Mar 2020 | 116 | Diarrhoea 10.3%; nausea and/or vomiting 10.3%; abdominal pain 8.8%; loss of appetite 25.3% | No distinction made | No correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and disease severity |
Hajifathalian et al.21 | New York, USA | 4 Mar to 9 Apr 2020 | 1,059 | Diarrhoea 22%; abdominal pain 7% | No distinction made | Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with lower rates of death and ICU admission |
Studies on paediatric patients | ||||||
Xu et al.79 | Guangdong, China | Until 20 Feb 2020 | 10 | Diarrhoea 30%; vomiting 0 | On admission | NA |
Cai et al.81 | China | Jan 19 to 3 Feb 2020 | 10 | Diarrhoea 0% | During hospitalization | NA |
Lu et al.170 | Wuhan, China | 28 Jan to 26 Feb 2020 | 171 | Diarrhoea 8.8%; vomiting 6.4% | No distinction made | NA |
Fakiri et al.171 | Marrakesh, Morocco | 2 Mar to 1 Apr 2020 | 74 | Diarrhoea 5.4% | No distinction made | NA |
de Ceano-Vivas et al.172 | Madrid, Spain | 11 Mar to 9 Apr 2020 | 58 | Diarrhoea 12.1%; vomiting 15.5% | No distinction made | NA |
Mahmoudi et al.173 | Tehran, Iran | 7 Mar to 30 Mar 2020 | 35 | Diarrhoea 26%; vomiting 29%; abdominal pain 11% | No distinction made | NA |
CDC COVID-19 Response Team174 | USA | 12 Feb to 2 Apr 2020 | 291 | Diarrhoea 13%; nausea and/or vomiting 11%; abdominal pain 5.8% | No distinction made | NA |
Parri et al.175 | Italy | 3 Mar to 27 Mar 2020 | 100 | Diarrhoea 9%; nausea or vomiting 10% | No distinction made | NA |
