Table 1 Research on the infectivity of virus shedding in faecal samples in human and animal studies

From: Reply to: Rectally shed SARS-CoV-2 lacks infectivity: time to rethink faecal–oral transmission?

Reference

Electron microscopy

RT-PCR

Cytopathic effectsa

Immunofluorescenceb

TCID50

Faecal supernatants inoculating naive animals

Clinical studies

Yao et al.7

−

+

+

+

+

−

Xiao et al.3

+

−

+

+

−

−

Zhou et al.4

−

+

−

−

−

−

Wang et al.5

+

−

−

−

−

−

Zhang et al.6

+

−

−

−

−

−

Wölfel et al.8

Failed to isolate in mild cases

Animal studies

Jiao et al.9

−

−

−

−

+

−

Kim et al.10

−

−

−

−

−

+

  1. −, not applicable; +, confirmed; RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR; TCID50, median tissue culture infective dose. aCytopathic effects were observed in Vero cells. bAntibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or patient serum were used for immunofluorescence staining.