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  • Review Article
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Design of therapeutic biomaterials to control inflammation

Nature Reviews Materials volume 7, pages 557–574 (2022)Cite this article

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Abstract

Inflammation plays an important role in the response to danger signals arising from damage to our body and in restoring homeostasis. Dysregulated inflammatory responses occur in many diseases, including cancer, sepsis and autoimmunity. The efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs, developed for the treatment of dysregulated inflammation, can be potentiated using biomaterials, by improving the bioavailability of drugs and by reducing side effects. In this Review, we first outline key elements and stages of the inflammatory environment and then discuss the design of biomaterials for different anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies. Biomaterials can be engineered to scavenge danger signals, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and cell-free DNA, in the early stages of inflammation. Materials can also be designed to prevent adhesive interactions of leukocytes and endothelial cells that initiate inflammatory responses. Furthermore, nanoscale platforms can deliver anti-inflammatory agents to inflammation sites. We conclude by discussing the challenges and opportunities for biomaterial innovations in addressing inflammation.

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Fig. 1: Therapeutic biomaterials to control inflammation.
Fig. 2: The inflammatory microenvironment.
Fig. 3: Scavenging strategies to modulate inflammation.
Fig. 4: Blockage strategies to modulate inflammation.
Fig. 5: Delivery strategies to modulate inflammation.
Fig. 6: Anti-inflammatory biomaterials design.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge support by the NIH (UG3/UH3TR002151, UG3NS115598, RO1AR073935) and USAMR W81XWH1910463. Support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 82072049), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Australian Research Council (DE180100736) is also acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank C. Yang and Y. Zhu for scientific discussions.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Zhaoxu Tu, Yiling Zhong.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, China

    Zhaoxu Tu & Dan Shao

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Zhaoxu Tu, Yiling Zhong, Hanze Hu & Kam W. Leong

  3. School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

    Yiling Zhong

  4. Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Rainer Haag & Michael Schirner

  5. School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Jaewoo Lee & Bruce Sullenger

  6. Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China

    Dan Shao

  7. National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China

    Zhaoxu Tu & Dan Shao

  8. Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

    Kam W. Leong

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Contributions

Z.T., D.S. and K.W.L. conceived the manuscript; Z.T., Y.Z., D.S. and H.H. wrote the draft; Z.T. and D.S. designed the figures; H.H., R.H., M.S., J.L., B.S. and K.W.L. edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dan Shao or Kam W. Leong.

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Tu, Z., Zhong, Y., Hu, H. et al. Design of therapeutic biomaterials to control inflammation. Nat Rev Mater 7, 557–574 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-022-00426-z

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