Correction to: Nature Reviews Microbiology https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-025-01163-0, published online 10 March 2025.

In the version of the article initially published, in Table 1, “Clostridium clusters XIVa and XIV” should have read “Clostridium clusters XIVa and IV”. In the Fig. 2 caption, “CGRP” was defined as “calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor” instead of “calcitonin gene-related peptide”, and “TRPV1” was defined as “transient receptor vanilloid 1” instead of “transient receptor potential vanilloid 1”. These corrections have been made to the HTML and PDF versions of the article.