Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Clinical Outlook
  • Published:

End of the TRUS era: transperineal biopsy takes the lead in prostate cancer detection

Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is associated with limitations including high infection rates, sampling limitations and patient discomfort, which have led to the development of the transperineal approach. Randomized trials show that transperineal biopsy offers at least equivalent detection of clinically significant prostate cancer, providing robust evidence for a clinical practice change.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Buy this article

USD 39.95

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Xiang, J. et al. Transperineal versus transrectal prostate biopsy in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J. Surg. Oncol. 17, 31 (2019).

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Hu, J. C. et al. Transperineal versus transrectal magnetic resonance imaging-targeted and systematic prostate biopsy to prevent infectious complications: the PREVENT randomized trial. Eur. Urol. 86, 61–68 (2024).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Bryant, R. J. et al. Local anaesthetic transperineal biopsy versus transrectal prostate biopsy in prostate cancer detection (TRANSLATE): a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 26, 583–595 (2025).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Mian, B. M. et al. Complications following transrectal and transperineal prostate biopsy: results of the ProBE-PC randomized clinical trial. J. Urol. 211, 205–213 (2024).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ploussard, G. et al. Transperineal versus transrectal magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsies for prostate cancer diagnosis: final results of the randomized PERFECT trial (CCAFU-PR1). Eur. Urol. Oncol. 7, 1080–1087 (2024).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Abdulrasheed, H. et al. Comparing the efficacy and safety of the transperineal versus transrectal prostate biopsy approach in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus 16, e75459 (2024).

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Ahmed, H. U. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of multi-parametric MRI and TRUS biopsy in prostate cancer (PROMIS): a paired validating confirmatory study. Lancet 389, 815–822 (2017).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Wu, Q. et al. Transperineal magnetic resonance imaging targeted biopsy versus transrectal route in the detection of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 27, 212–221 (2024).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Najjar, S. et al. Comparative analysis of diagnostic accuracy and complication rate of transperineal versus transrectal prostate biopsy in prostate cancer diagnosis. Cancers 17, 1006 (2025).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Lopez, J. F. et al. Local anaesthetic transperineal (LATP) prostate biopsy using a probe-mounted transperineal access system: a multicentre prospective outcome analysis. BJU Int. 128, 311–318 (2021).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marlon L. Perera.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hennes, D., Al-Khanaty, A., Chen, D.C. et al. End of the TRUS era: transperineal biopsy takes the lead in prostate cancer detection. Nat Rev Urol (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-025-01090-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Version of record:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-025-01090-y

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing: Cancer

Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Cancer newsletter — what matters in cancer research, free to your inbox weekly.

Get what matters in cancer research, free to your inbox weekly. Sign up for Nature Briefing: Cancer