Extended Data Fig. 4: IFN-γ produced by H. polygyrus-responsive immune cells drives the granuloma gene signature.
From: Parasitic helminths induce fetal-like reversion in the intestinal stem cell niche
a–g, Mice were infected with H. polygyrus and analysed at day 6, unless otherwise indicated. a, b, Representative gating example of neutrophils (a) and natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1, ILC2/3, αβ T cells, and γδ T cells (b). c, Neutrophils were enumerated by flow cytometry from non-granuloma (non-gran) or granuloma (gran) biopsies. d, Ifng reporter mice were untreated (uninfected) or infected (gran or non-gran) with H. polygyrus and analysed by flow cytometry 5–6 days later for haematopoietic (CD45+) populations: NK cells, ILC1, ILC2/3, αβ T cells and γδ T cells. No reporter signal was seen in non-lymphoid populations. e, Crypt cells were sorted from granuloma biopsies of IFN-γ-knockout (KO) mice and analysed by qPCR for the indicated transcripts. f, Lgr5–GFP mice were bred with IFN-γ-knockout (KO) mice and offspring were analysed by flow cytometry for Lgr5–GFP expression in crypt epithelia from granuloma biopsies. g, Ifngr1loxp/loxp mice were bred with Vil1-Cre mice and analysed by flow cytometry for Sca-1 expression in crypt epithelia from granuloma biopsies. h, Wild type organoids were treated with 5 ng ml−1 IFN-γ for 24 h and analysed by qPCR for the indicated transcripts. n = 5 mice (d, uninfected, f, KO, g, Ifngr1loxp/loxp), 6 mice (c, d, infected, e, f, heterozygous), 7 mice (g, Ifngr1loxp/loxp;Vil1-Cre), or 7 cultures (h). Statistics represent all biological replicates, and all experiments were replicated at least twice. Graphs show mean ± s.d. (c–h). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 by unpaired, two-tailed Mann–Whitney test.
