Extended Data Fig. 10: Selected artefacts and fossils from the exploratory trench (subsection KW) in S27 and L28.

These are the oldest artefacts discovered at the Shangchen locality during this investigation. a, Quartzite core (SC-K4) from the boundary between S27 and L28 at a depth of 60–70 cm below the boundary between cultivated soil and fresh original palaeosol, and 164 cm above the end of the Réunion excursion. See Fig. 4i and Supplementary Tables 6, 7 for details. b, c, The oldest artefacts SC-K30 and SC-K55 within L28 from the exploratory trench, from 69–114 cm above the end of the Réunion excursion. See Supplementary Table 6 for details. d, Quartzite flake tool (SC-K5) from the exploratory trench, from the boundary between S27 and L28 at a depth of about 75 cm below the boundary between cultivated soil and fresh original palaeosol and 149 cm above the end of the Réunion excursion. See Fig. 4h and Supplementary Tables 6, 7 for details. e, Flake tool SC-K54 from within the L28 from the exploratory trench. f, Mandibular fragment of a small bovid (SC-K60) from the same horizon of S27 as the stone artefacts found during the excavation of S27 and L28. Top image shows the occlusal view of the mandible. g, A left mandibular fragment of a large cervid (SC-K10), which was found near and in the same horizon of S27–L28 as the stone artefacts SC-K4 and SC-K5. In the scales, each division represents 1 cm.