Extended Data Fig. 3: Influence of TLR5 on microbiota composition and the metabolic phenotype in individually housed adult mice.
From: Neonatal selection by Toll-like receptor 5 influences long-term gut microbiota composition
a, Bacterial DNA was extracted from the faeces of individually housed 6–8-week-old homozygous Tlr5+/+ (WT, red, n = 8) and homozygous Tlr5−/− (Tlr5, blue, n = 8) mice. The microbiota composition was analysed by 16S rDNA sequencing and the overall difference is illustrated in a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). b, Body weight was evaluated in 7-week-old male WT (red) and Tlr5-deficient (blue) mice. Data represent the median. Statistical analysis was performed using two-sided Mann–Whitney U-test (n = 6 and 12, respectively, **P < 0.01). c, Daily food intake was evaluated in 25-week-old female WT (red) and Tlr5-deficient (blue) mice. Data represent the median. Statistical analysis was performed using two-sided Mann–Whitney U-test (n = 3 and 4, respectively). d, e, Haematoxylin and eosin staining of liver (d) and pancreas tissue sections (e) from 18-week-old WT and Tlr5-deficient mice. Images were randomly selected from n = 2 (WT) and n = 3 (Tlr5-deficient) mice examined. d, In contrast to WT mice, liver tissue from Tlr5-deficient mice showed decreased eosinophilic staining intensity of hepatocytes located close to the central veins (black asterisk) that is caused by an accumulation of microvacuoles in their cytoplasm consistent with increased lipid storage (black arrows). Scale bars: i and iii, 100 µm; ii and iv, 50 µm. e, Pancreas tissue from WT mice contained more and larger islets of Langerhans (black asterisks) than tissue derived from Tlr5-deficient mice. In addition, exocrine epithelial cells from WT mice contained larger amounts of eosinophilic zymogen granules (black arrows) than the more basophilic cells of Tlr5-deficient mice. Scale bars: i and iii; 100 µm; ii and iv, 20 µm.
