Extended Data Table 1 Effect of SSAs on total, direct and diffuse insolation

From: Estimating global agricultural effects of geoengineering using volcanic eruptions

  1. Coefficients on SAOD describe the effect of increasing SSA optical depth by 1 unit on the log of total, direct or diffuse sunlight. Columns 1, 4 and 7 show the preferred specification (equation (2) in Supplementary Information). Columns 2, 5 and 8 include data from 1979–2009 to capture the effect of both the Pinatubo and El Chichón eruptions. Columns 3, 6 and 9 estimate the effect separately for El Chichón and Pinatubo (Supplementary Information, section II.1). We do not control for cloud fraction in columns 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9 because the cloud data are available only beginning in 1983. All models account for station-by-day-of-year fixed effects. Standard errors of the mean, shown in parentheses, are clustered by country and by year to account for serial correlation over time within a country and for autocorrelation across space within a year. We calculate P values using a two-sided t-test. *P < 0.1, **P < 0.05, ***P < 0.01.
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