Extended Data Fig. 6: Polarization hysteresis in P(VDF-TrFE) copolymers at room temperature.
From: Ferroelectric polymers exhibiting behaviour reminiscent of a morphotropic phase boundary
a, Polarization versus electric field, measured using a triangular a.c. electric field of 100 Hz. A polarization hysteresis curve—characteristic of a normal ferroelectric—is shown for CVDF ≥ 49 mol%, whereas an antiferroelectric-like hysteresis loop is observed for CVDF < 49 mol%. b–d, Maximum polarization Pm (b), remanent polarization Pr (c) and coercive field Ec (d) as a function of VDF content, measured at 1 Hz and 100 Hz. Considerable reduction in Pr is found in c (CVDF < 49 mol%), which is indicative of the disappearance of long-range ferroelectric order. Error bars in b–d represent standard deviations obtained from at least three measurements using different samples.
