Extended Data Fig. 3: Synchronization detection by the spin diode effect.
From: Vowel recognition with four coupled spin-torque nano-oscillators
a, Rectified direct voltage measured between oscillator electrodes when the external microwave signal is injected in the strip line above the oscillator and its frequency is swept. Here, the direct current through the oscillator is 5 mA, the magnetic field is 585 mT and the injected microwave power is +1 dBm. b, Oscillator spectrum emission measured during the same frequency sweep as a. c, Proposed differential measurement configuration for CMOS-based detection of synchronization-induced rectified voltages. d, Two-stage CMOS circuit. e, The first stage, composed of two differential amplifiers (green), is followed by a gain stage (blue). VDD, supply voltage; GND, ground. f, Energy consumption of the CMOS circuit for one synchronization detection event, as a function of the amplitude of the generated rectified direct voltages.
