Extended Data Fig. 1: The strength of the \(\bar{{\boldsymbol{\Psi }}}\)–ECS relationship depends on the models considered.

a, \(\bar{\Psi }\) versus ECS for the pre-industrial control experiment (as in Fig. 1a), but including six additional models listed in extended data table 1 of Cox et al.¹ (grey) and five additional models not included in their original analysis (red; see Supplementary Information). The black line represents the regression obtained with the original 16-model subset of Cox et al.¹, the grey line represents the regression with the 22-model subset (grey and black dots) and the red line represents the regression using all 27 models. The dotted grey lines connect models from a common modelling centre. The correlation coefficient is listed in parentheses for each set of models considered. b, As in a, but for the historical experiment. Using all models and the early historical period (1880–1962) to compute \(\bar{\Psi }\) (as in Fig. 1c), we arrive at a median ECS of 3.4 °C (95% confidence interval of 1.9–4.9 °C).