Extended Data Fig. 4: Comparison of observed data from late-winter and total shared-group connections including group rearrangements.

The y axes show the percentage of individuals of each species at each site observed in direct physical contact, in shared groups or with UVF dust originating from a single focal individual. a, M. lucifugus. b, M. septentrionalis. c, P. subflavus. Small points show the observed (grey) data and augmented (coloured) connections, including group rearrangements. The black open points show the mean late winter estimate of direct contact and social-group connections based on a single time point of the populations without group switching (Fig. 1, Extended Data Fig. 3; left panels). The large coloured points (means in Fig. 2) show the mean number of connections from simulations in which bats rearranged during six arousals over the winter (also shown in Fig. 2). Where the large coloured points are within the black open points, there were no differences between the observed and augmented data including group rearrangements. The connections observed in UVF-dust epidemics are shown for comparison, but do not differ.