Extended Data Fig. 3: Gain dynamics during each session.

Each plot represents data from a single session during epochs 1–3 (landmarks on). The x axis is the laps that the rat ran in the laboratory frame (on the table) and the y axis is gain. The black scale bar in each plot indicates 10 laps. The applied experimental gain G (blue) is plotted with the hippocampal gain estimate H (orange). The ramp rate, length of epochs and final experimental gain for each session can be observed from the curves. Asterisks indicate sessions with loss of landmark control (mean gain ratio greater than 1.1; see Fig. 2h). In the other plots, the blue and red curves overlap, indicating control of landmarks over the place fields. The number of units that passed the acceptance criteria (Methods) in each session is indicated in the bottom right-hand corner of each plot.