Extended Data Fig. 1: Locations of observations used to construct hydrographic climatologies for the Maud Rise and eastern Weddell regions.
From: Antarctic offshore polynyas linked to Southern Hemisphere climate anomalies

Observations from 1970 to 2001 are shown together (top left); observations from 2002 to 2018 are represented by one panel per year. Included are float profiles from the Argo GDAC (filled circles) as well as shipboard (open squares) and instrumented seal (open triangles) casts from the World Ocean Database (see Methods section ‘Hydrographic data’). Colours indicate seasons. Bathymetric contours (intervals of 750 m) highlight Maud Rise and the Antarctic continental shelf. Concentric circles represent radii of 250 km and 500 km from Maud Rise, encompassing the Maud Rise and eastern Weddell regions, respectively (see Methods section ‘Regions’).