Table 1 Interventions to increase healthspan and/or lifespan
From: From discoveries in ageing research to therapeutics for healthy ageing
Intervention | Target or process | Major effects |
|---|---|---|
Rapamycin | mTOR | Geroprotective effects in mice and dogs. Human clinical trials with rapamycin and rapalogs are underway. |
Senolytics | Cellular senescence | Protective against age-related disease in mice. Ongoing clinical trials in human diseases, including arthritis and eye degeneration. |
NAD precursors | NAD metabolism | Geroprotective in animal models. Supplements available for human consumption, but no clinical trials have been reported yet. |
Sirtuin-activating compounds | Sirtuins | Geroprotective in rodents and non-human primates but mixed results in humans; SRT2104 may have effects beyond mitigating some age-associated conditions. |
Metformin | Mitochondrial respiration | Associated with increased lifespan in human patients with diabetes and decreased risk of cancer. TAME trial is planned to test effects in individuals without diabetes. |
Exercise | Unknown | Associated with reduced risk of age-related disease, improved quality of life and increased lifespan in humans. |
Calorie restriction | Several targets, including mTOR and sirtuins | Enhanced lifespan and protection from disease in worms, flies, mice, rats and non-human primates. Associated with decreased risk factors for disease in humans. |
