Fig. 2: Memory-editing techniques.
From: Memory editing from science fiction to clinical practice
a, Four primary techniques have been investigated to edit the consolidation of memories in humans. Research using these techniques has primarily focused on editing episodic memory. Manipulations of stress hormones both impair emotional memories and enhance neutral memories; targeted memory reactivation and behavioural tagging enhance memory; and memory control impairs memory. b, Pharmacological and behavioural interventions have been used to edit the reconsolidation of memories. Pharmacological blockade and updating the reconsolidation of threat and appetitive memories diminish learned defensive responses and appetitive behaviours, respectively. Similar to consolidation, stress hormones that target reconsolidation can both enhance neutral memories and impair emotional memories. Updating episodic memory reconsolidation can both modify memory content and impair memory.
