Table 1 Overview of the energy and environmental impacts of key structural metals
From: Strategies for improving the sustainability of structural metals
Worldwide annual production (Mt yr-1) | Energy (EJ yr-1) | CO2 (CO2eq yr-1) | Material scrapped in manufacturing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Steel | 1,700 (of which 45% is based on scrap input) | 40 | 3.7 Gt | 25% |
Al | 94 (of which 30% is based on scrap input) | 13 | 0.7 Gt | 40% |
Ni (stainless steels/superalloys) | 2.1 (of which 25% is based on scrap input) | 0.25 | 26 Mt | 20% |
Ti | 0.2 (limited post-consumer scrap) | 0.07 | 6.7 Mt | 60% |
