Extended Data Fig. 4: Phylogenetic trees in the colorectal epithelium.
From: Frequent mutations that converge on the NFKBIZ pathway in ulcerative colitis
a–d, Phylogenetic structure of single crypts clustered in an area of 0.25–4 mm2 of epithelia from two control individuals (an 84-year-old man (CR40; a) and an 88-year-old woman (CR43; b)) and two patients with UC (a 56-year-old man (HCM28; c) and a 42-year-old woman (UC3; d)). Phylogenetic trees of clones (right or bottom) are projected onto the positions of crypts, as indicated in the images (left or top). The colours of the branches in the trees correspond to those of the circles for the positions of crypts. The estimated time of UC onset is indicated on the basis of the mutation rate in non-UC crypts (see Fig. 1a). The estimated age of the most-recent common ancestral crypt is also indicated for patients with UC (c, d). Branches that contain driver mutations are indicated. e, Histograms of the number of mutations (or height) of branch points in phylogenetic trees are plotted for control individuals (n = 3, top) and patients with UC (n = 3, bottom).
